tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-64382882626327091852024-03-14T15:02:36.726+10:30The Michael Crisp BlogMichael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.comBlogger59125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-27928736355314929022019-03-07T17:07:00.000+10:302019-03-07T17:08:46.497+10:30ANZSRC Review, or what are our new FOR codes?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf1GvttwYEXxy6Bll5Ufae8twk75GYHoZlLNJ09oDNPQK3WmMISnp-RLjpYJbWsVdvyKTKwfbHv1t4wHwnC_9V2Qh7gnH3saEYqnOY3Q1-dcRJ1fLs9rB6LQf_p5b_-u6y0Ae_uFVPdAcf/s1600/fruit-smoothie-180x246.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="246" data-original-width="180" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf1GvttwYEXxy6Bll5Ufae8twk75GYHoZlLNJ09oDNPQK3WmMISnp-RLjpYJbWsVdvyKTKwfbHv1t4wHwnC_9V2Qh7gnH3saEYqnOY3Q1-dcRJ1fLs9rB6LQf_p5b_-u6y0Ae_uFVPdAcf/s200/fruit-smoothie-180x246.jpg" width="146" /></a></div>
The ARC, Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), Statistics New Zealand (Stats NZ), and the New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) are undertaking a joint <a href="https://www.arc.gov.au/anzsrc-review" target="_blank">review of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification (ANZSRC)</a>. What is the ANZSRC I hear you say - well it is the field of research codes, or FOR codes. It is also the socio-economic objectives (SEO) and type of activity (pure research, strategic research applied research etc).<br />
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It is a good time to refresh the categorization to bring it into line with current and future research activity. It is particularity pleasing to see the inclusion of a specific question around how Aboriginal research is categorized (currently it is all hidden at the '6-digit' FOR level).<br />
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The other interesting question is around interdisciplinary research and how the classification could be set up to support this better. If research is multidisciplinary then it is probably a simple matter of tagging it with more than one FOR code. If it is truly inter- or trans-disciplinary activity and of some scale then perhaps it should just have its own FOR code (maybe under a division of 'Interdisciplinary').<br />
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I sometimes think of research disciplines as fruits - a field of research might be like an apple, and another is a pear and another is a banana. When research is multidisciplinary it is like we have chopped up the fruit and tossed it together in a bowl to make a fruit salad - works well together but still separate fruits. Interdisciplinary research might be more like a fruit smoothy - we've taken all of the fruits we need but blended them together and have created something new and different. So, ANSZRC helps us classify the fruits and the fruit salad - but how will it classify the smoothy?<br />
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You can have a look at the review document yourself at the ARC website: <a href="https://www.arc.gov.au/anzsrc-review">https://www.arc.gov.au/anzsrc-review</a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMDhesI1JpkVGwmfAHCd7WVs9u9nG00HRjktahloqbdxNAOlVGn5GyP7q6CACxsZT2oYPUG0INTO4ArBTDQuEe9vk0Kuz_UwNBlPbIAVoFfJ4q8nT76K-v3WWqXFvwMFRRmr8DbR-pm0g/s1600/Interdisciplinary.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="101" data-original-width="614" height="104" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUMDhesI1JpkVGwmfAHCd7WVs9u9nG00HRjktahloqbdxNAOlVGn5GyP7q6CACxsZT2oYPUG0INTO4ArBTDQuEe9vk0Kuz_UwNBlPbIAVoFfJ4q8nT76K-v3WWqXFvwMFRRmr8DbR-pm0g/s640/Interdisciplinary.PNG" width="640" /></a>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-73270412782162958952017-11-10T13:26:00.001+10:302017-11-10T13:26:13.093+10:30Harry Potter and the Draft Engagement and Impact Guidelines<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8mmHtoGdp0oSByu8kVpj2ZtGZ5EfF_S07zNNroMnzIC7MeM0XKGiDbMJXiwN4vg-uKPr7ibYO8_D-iRfnbdtZung33JXTE7gHwJPkJcuvJuteXaoSVVQLgjylXrMy3SknFsB2x48LDsHZ/s1600/wizard-clipart-royalty-free-wizard-clipart-illustration-226855.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="400" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8mmHtoGdp0oSByu8kVpj2ZtGZ5EfF_S07zNNroMnzIC7MeM0XKGiDbMJXiwN4vg-uKPr7ibYO8_D-iRfnbdtZung33JXTE7gHwJPkJcuvJuteXaoSVVQLgjylXrMy3SknFsB2x48LDsHZ/s200/wizard-clipart-royalty-free-wizard-clipart-illustration-226855.jpg" width="190" /></a></div>
This week the Australian Research Council released for consultation their draft guidelines for the evaluation of university research engagement and impact. The engagement part of the evaluation is mainly quantitative with a shortlist of indicators around research income from industry and end-users. The impact part of the evaluation is mainly qualitative with research impact case studies providing a narrative around the benefit that university research is having outside of the university sector - including the ways that universities are fostering translation and impact from their research.<div>
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Some interesting takeaways from the draft guidelines include:</div>
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<ul>
<li>A May/June 2018 submission deadline (which follows directly behind the ERA 2018 deadline)</li>
<li>A maximum of 25 impact case studies per university which includes 23 disciplinary case studies, 1 interdisciplinary case study and 1 Aboriginal research case study</li>
<li>The introduction of a low volume threshold of 150 weighted outputs (books weighted x5) over which a university must submit information and below which a university may opt-in if they so wish</li>
<li>A new three point rating scale for impact (high, medium, low) which seems more sensible than the pilot ratings (mature, emerging, limited)</li>
<li>Impact case studies will now receive 2 ratings each - one for the approach to impact and another for the impact itself</li>
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Adding to the sector's resource burden in complying with research evaluation is the introduction of two engagement narratives: one is an engagement indicator explanatory statement of 4,500 characters to accompany engagement indicators and the other is a 7,000 character engagement narrative to accompany each unit of assessment. Now seeing as each unit of assessment is the 2-digit field of research this results in a considerable increase in work for the sector. In ERA 2015 there was a total of 656 2-digit FORs evaluated - so if each one of these is accompanied by a 4,500 character explanatory statement and a 7,000 character engagement narrative this equates to around 7.5 million characters, or around 1.2 million words - for comparison, the entire series of <a href="https://wordcounter.net/blog/2015/11/23/10922_how-many-words-harry-potter.html" target="_blank">Harry Potter books</a> contain around 1.08 million words.</div>
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You can see the guidelines for yourself at the ARC website <a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/engagement-and-impact-assessment" target="_blank">here</a>.</div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-33162435245197075852017-11-01T09:34:00.001+10:302017-11-01T09:34:23.042+10:30Engagement and Impact Assessment Pilot 2017 Report<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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The ARC have today released their final report on the Engagement and Impact Assessment Pilot conducted in early 2017.<br />
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Changes suggested for the full assessment in 2018 include:<br />
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Field of Research 11 - Medical and Health Sciences will be split in two which means two case studies can be submitted bringing the total maximum to 25 (1 for each of the 22 FOR + an extra one for '11' plus an interdisciplinary and Aboriginal research case study)<br />
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Four engagement indicators will be used for the engagement part of the assessment:<br />
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<ul>
<li>cash support from end-users</li>
<li>total HERDC income per FTE (specified schemes)</li>
<li>end-user sponsored grants: proportion of HERDC Category 1</li>
<li>research commercialisation income (selected FoR codes only).</li>
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It is encouraging to finally see a definition for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research:</div>
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<i>Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research means that the research significantly relates to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, nations, communities, place, culture or knowledge.</i></div>
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However, the ARC will continue to consult with its Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander stakeholders to further refine the definition.</div>
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You can read the report at the ARC's website here: <a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/ei-pilot-overview">http://www.arc.gov.au/ei-pilot-overview</a></div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-75630240050278180472017-09-23T12:17:00.000+09:302017-09-23T12:17:11.844+09:30Could ERA be Automated in the Near Future?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQDvM8Ou9p_bo5xJ_032A8RUBJe4Fe8kWe6yZ4n5kob_m5UC6__pas8nDpRdrBjycyMilU2kZ5INgJjOXqjXwP1bKmeX8TkJUhXvZggF75ieNDylpu0US2hyphenhyphenYClG2qm3afJ6BNOoxlZYY/s1600/automatedassembly.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="738" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQDvM8Ou9p_bo5xJ_032A8RUBJe4Fe8kWe6yZ4n5kob_m5UC6__pas8nDpRdrBjycyMilU2kZ5INgJjOXqjXwP1bKmeX8TkJUhXvZggF75ieNDylpu0US2hyphenhyphenYClG2qm3afJ6BNOoxlZYY/s200/automatedassembly.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
Could ERA submissions be auto-generated in the near future? The new ERA specifications released by the ARC hint perhaps yes.<br />
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Australia's national research evaluation exercise, Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) is conducted roughly once every three years with a large investment of time and money from the university sector and the ARC. The cost of running ERA to the sector has been variously estimated to be between $30 million and $100 million.<br />
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Universities are required to submit information and data relating to their research activities over the preceding six years. This includes publications, research projects and grants, research staff, along with a raft of related indicators such as patents and commercialisation activity.<br />
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Much of the information universities submit as part of the exercise is available from other sources - either publicly available (e.g. grant outcomes from the ARC and NHMRC, HERDC income returns, ABS R&D expenditure surveys) or from third party suppliers (e.g. Scopus or Clarivate publications databases).<br />
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If we were able to link researchers, their publications and grant funding to universities and fields of research then an ERA submission could in theory be developed automatically without the time and expense incurred by universities.<br />
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The Australian Research Council (ARC) website now includes the ERA 2018 Technical Specifications and Submission Guidelines. Of note is the optional inclusion of information like unique author identifiers (ORCID) and unique article identifiers (DOI). A combination of ORCIDs, DOIs, citation data and fields of research (e.g. from the ERA Journal List) could in theory be used to auto-generate ERA submissions for universities. Not only could this be less expensive for the sector but also offers the benefit of a more contemporary data set compared with the retrospective ERA as it currently stands.<br />
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So perhaps we will see an auto-generated ERA in 2021...<br />
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You can view the ERA guidelines for yourself at the <a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/era-2018" target="_blank">ARC's website</a>.Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-75111919118098454382017-09-12T09:27:00.002+09:302017-09-12T09:27:48.665+09:30The ARC has released the draft ERA 2018 Submission Guidelines<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjH16JG3Oa70w2YyD5nqip3Bxcs94VDU4inLWpA27mc_biUO0ziaXXn_EArZet_6UPVMBznlEpPY9cEBOHPN-uOZAevXSccymbms3V8UGIk9CzVQGjWyUlCBkuRj9QKRH2sm409atyLDkS/s1600/guidelines.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="353" data-original-width="820" height="137" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjH16JG3Oa70w2YyD5nqip3Bxcs94VDU4inLWpA27mc_biUO0ziaXXn_EArZet_6UPVMBznlEpPY9cEBOHPN-uOZAevXSccymbms3V8UGIk9CzVQGjWyUlCBkuRj9QKRH2sm409atyLDkS/s320/guidelines.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ARC has now released the draft ERA 2018 submission guidelines for consultation. You can find a copy at their website <a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/era-2018" target="_blank">here</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There are not really too many changes to the submission which should please universities - especially as they are gearing up for the Impact and Engagement assessment at the same time. Guidelines for the impact and engagement assessment are still pending at this stage.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A couple of interesting additions include:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reporting of ORCID (optional)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reporting of DOI (optional)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research
section - although it would be nice to have a clear definition of Aboriginal research to work with. </span></li>
</ul>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Also interesting to see the addition of this to the the guidelines:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Institutions agree to allow the ARC to publish any submitted
data from ERA 2018. In addition, institutions must agree to publish their
submission, with the exception of their staff data, on 5 February 2019.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It will be good to get some clarity on what form this would take.</span></div>
<br />Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-28059891707335025552017-08-22T11:53:00.002+09:302017-08-22T11:53:46.165+09:30Clarivate selected as citation provider for ERA 2018<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKypOcRFwPFjGpPgVx8wTRj_ovw0bTnpGbuQOsiQHp4ncmtbsUe3nQs-ApMTE4fOFAkrPtSf5Kr5YyZcNUdjMbNMeSXDHARNz6byWUjp-jqY7H4JxF1XF9s5P8RSF4vGIIrRgipYNnKFja/s1600/clarivate.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="131" data-original-width="383" height="68" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKypOcRFwPFjGpPgVx8wTRj_ovw0bTnpGbuQOsiQHp4ncmtbsUe3nQs-ApMTE4fOFAkrPtSf5Kr5YyZcNUdjMbNMeSXDHARNz6byWUjp-jqY7H4JxF1XF9s5P8RSF4vGIIrRgipYNnKFja/s200/clarivate.png" width="200" /></a></div>
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<strong>Clarivate selected as citation provider for ERA 2018</strong></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5d5d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; word-spacing: -0.65px;">Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Australian Research Council (ARC), Professor Sue Thomas, has today announced that the ARC has selected Clarivate Analytics to provide citation information for the 2018 round of </span><a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/excellence-research-australia" style="background-color: white; color: #5e2d61; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; word-spacing: -0.65px;">Excellence in Research for Australia</a><span style="background-color: white; color: #5d5d5d; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; word-spacing: -0.65px;">.</span></div>
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<strong><a href="http://www.arc.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/clarivate-selected-citation-provider-era-2018">http://www.arc.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/clarivate-selected-citation-provider-era-2018</a></strong></div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-29102932427604576862016-05-07T07:34:00.000+09:302016-05-07T07:34:06.795+09:30Web of Science used by Australian Research Council for Analysis of Benefits from University Research<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtM5sfdoh8FlIhDC65HtXNH0PXmQPtEDTl4eKUyNehXoaQBBRPMwJ0rDkTiQLzSB81TsI7Rp7A3hrXe1M8RPBWBJqfCu57oIq0PvWL6bqcls8Yk3u57kRVH16ZaD68dweN9UUojtMvFLLy/s1600/TR.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtM5sfdoh8FlIhDC65HtXNH0PXmQPtEDTl4eKUyNehXoaQBBRPMwJ0rDkTiQLzSB81TsI7Rp7A3hrXe1M8RPBWBJqfCu57oIq0PvWL6bqcls8Yk3u57kRVH16ZaD68dweN9UUojtMvFLLy/s320/TR.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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According to this announcement - the Australian Research Council (ARC) will use Web of Science data as part of the next ERA and Engagement and Impact Evaluation - see release below.<br />
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<a href="http://thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2016/may/web-of-science-source-data.html" target="_blank">http://thomsonreuters.com/en/press-releases/2016/may/web-of-science-source-data.html</a><br />
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Media Release:<br />
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The Australian Research Council (ARC) has recently obtained Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ Core Collection as one of the data sources to contribute to analyses that will be utilized by the ARC to support development of national impact and engagement assessment to assess the benefits derived from university research. This national assessment exercise is being introduced as part of the Australian government’s National Innovation and Science Agenda. This was announced today by the Intellectual Property & Science business of Thomson Reuters.<br />
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In 2016 the ARC will work with the higher education research sector, industry and other end-users of research to develop quantitative and qualitative measures of impact and engagement of university research. The Web of Science Core Collection provides source data for records such as topic, title and author information which will be used by ARC to support work around sector and ERA analysis in order to derive a model for national assessment. The ARC will conduct a national assessment as a companion exercise to the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA), the country’s national research evaluation framework which identifies and promotes excellence across the full spectrum of research activity in Australia’s higher education institutions.<br />
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Jeroen Prinsen, vice president and head of Australia & New Zealand, IP &Science, Thomson Reuters said, “As a strong advocate of research collaboration and partner of Australia’s research community, we are pleased to support this important national impact and engagement assessment of university research which will ultimately promote high-quality research that will drive Australia’s innovation and economic growth. We are honored that the ARC will utilize source data from the Web of Science Core Collection, the world’s most trusted source of citation databases.”Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-30371356084691873892016-02-09T20:46:00.002+10:302016-02-09T20:46:32.545+10:30Stop publishing your research!<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnsVcUw0zfEIPRPfwYyRMAXQ2IlnPPc_Zjto1Lg8Kbu-JWGdGuTOSSv9Te-UuQIZ5AcJSExdq0djEsDI_OkiWHR57bvZS2UPG5cACwneq3M-MxIpRnUMq80nfdyd_Ajs-4vMow1YfPfJ-u/s1600/2549674296_76f51ca99c_o.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnsVcUw0zfEIPRPfwYyRMAXQ2IlnPPc_Zjto1Lg8Kbu-JWGdGuTOSSv9Te-UuQIZ5AcJSExdq0djEsDI_OkiWHR57bvZS2UPG5cACwneq3M-MxIpRnUMq80nfdyd_Ajs-4vMow1YfPfJ-u/s200/2549674296_76f51ca99c_o.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
The 'Watt review' - or the <a href="https://www.education.gov.au/review-research-policy-and-funding-arrangements" target="_blank">Review of Research Policy and Funding Arrangements</a> has broken the link between publications and funding. Since the mid 1990s publications have informed a competent of the research block grants for universities. In 2010 ERA provided an additional avenue for publications to inform block funding allocations. The Watt review has recommended that publications be removed from the Higher Education Data Collection (HERDC) and recommended the removal of the Sustainable Research Excellence (SRE) fund from the block grant. These recommendations mean that universities will no longer receive block funding based on publications.<br />
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When publications were introduced to the block grant allocations there was a rapid increase in the volume of publications produced - however, the quality of those publications was low - in other words the quantity went up but the quality didn't. ERA introduced a quality component to the block grant allocation, albeit a modest allocation, which saw an increase in journal article output (compared with conferences and book) and an increase in articles in 'A*' and 'A' ranked journals.<br />
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So it seems that publication behaviour changes as the policy and incentives change. It will be interesting to see what impact this newest change has on publication behaviour. Should universities tell their academics to stop publishing? Well, probably not - there are many good reasons to keep publishing, not least of which is that researchers tend to like publishing and it is still a powerful way to disseminate knew knowledge. Besides this though there are a number of other reasons - promotions and recruitments are often influenced by publication record, grant success and university rankings are also linked to publication output.<br />
<br />
So maybe don't stop publishing just yet. But watch this space to see what happens to publishing across Australian universities.Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-32995754945824498102016-02-04T22:01:00.000+10:302016-02-04T22:01:07.574+10:30Assessment of Impact and Engagement<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii_Q4vPWRj-xkg3DhFRVUWgaKUBopdtoooZIq-vZrUSkDKFRSGOgprv2XimWttUjjwJYE4uEeOiCq2KqUlci4YrhCJz_0hNSpLA4gSV7HSaDp79X9w8c9HPbWpq7yFimilo41mFhYvj_qU/s1600/swings-and-roundabouts3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii_Q4vPWRj-xkg3DhFRVUWgaKUBopdtoooZIq-vZrUSkDKFRSGOgprv2XimWttUjjwJYE4uEeOiCq2KqUlci4YrhCJz_0hNSpLA4gSV7HSaDp79X9w8c9HPbWpq7yFimilo41mFhYvj_qU/s200/swings-and-roundabouts3.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
We have really come full circle in a short amount of time. It wasn't all that long ago that Australia was in the midst of a research excellence and impact evaluation called the Research Quality Framework (RQF). This was to be Australia's first comprehensive evaluation of the quality and impact of its universities's research. With a change in government though came the cancellation of the RQF with concerns that it was too complex and too burdensome to the university sector. As quickly as the RQF was cancelled though it was replaced with the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA). This would go on to become the first comprehensive evaluation of research quality of Australia's universities - note that impact was removed.<br />
<br />
Now, thanks to the recommendations of the Watt review of research funding and policy, we find ourselves returning once again to an impact evaluation. The Watt review recommends we implement a 'companion piece' to our ERA called the Assessment of Impact and Engagement (AIE). The AIE will be a mixed methods evaluation combining quantitative and qualitative components moderated by an expert advisory group. What will the evaluation look like? Well most likely it will be informed by metrics - along the lines of the ATSE Research Engagement for Australia proposal. It will include case studies - as per the UK's REF and it will be moderated by expert review - just like the ATN/Go8 Excellence in Innovation for Australia.<br />
<br />
Of particular importance to the evaluation will be how the terms 'impact' and 'engagement' are defined. Ask any researcher what they think the terms mean and you will almost get a different answer every time. This means there will be quite an education piece required to let us all know what the AIE is actually evaluating. And what is it evaluating? What will it tell us about the impact of university research? Most statements about Australian university research mention the same high profile impacts over and again - Cochlear, Gardasil, Atlassian - fantastic impacts, but we already know about them, we don't need an evaluation to tell us about them again. An evaluation may uncover a goldmine of unknown impacts - but what tends to happen is that the high profile impacts need very little, if any, time spent to evaluate them as top of the pile while the rest of the effort, resource, expense is consumed by the less impactful projects - the ones that never get mentioned in the media... so is it really worth it?Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-32997126460145401062015-11-01T22:07:00.001+10:302015-11-01T22:14:00.419+10:30Journal Quality Lists: ecological fallacy or convenient and cost-effective evaluation tool?<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkE7BMy5ahKrl554TcBRY1fJJ9XzwsuQfTbW7uKhTVbrYVHOEcQsuPYvbuG4B0jJHUTd9tibhEw32O8lImyK5BA_gzRIx3mxQL0HYZtHmJ2pOIcjjSkBMWukomR61NmxilX13hwV2bABF6/s1600/Two+Ducks.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkE7BMy5ahKrl554TcBRY1fJJ9XzwsuQfTbW7uKhTVbrYVHOEcQsuPYvbuG4B0jJHUTd9tibhEw32O8lImyK5BA_gzRIx3mxQL0HYZtHmJ2pOIcjjSkBMWukomR61NmxilX13hwV2bABF6/s200/Two+Ducks.jpg" width="200" /></a></div>
<span lang="EN-AU">University managers are constantly seeking simple ways to measure
and evaluate the research output of their university’s academics. While peer
review of scholarly research papers is arguably the best way to determine the
quality of any individual research output it is also acknowledged that peer
review is time consuming, expensive and subjective. </span><span lang="EN">Journal-level metrics, such as a journal quality
list, present managers with a convenient, objective and inexpensive tool for determining
the quality of scholarly articles. However,
managers relying on journal level metrics to evaluate articles may be suffering
from the ecological fallacy. The ecological fallacy occurs when conclusions
are made about individuals based only on analyses of group data. In this case, judging
the quality of an individual article based only on the journal in which it is
published.</span><span lang="EN-AU"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Using journal level metrics to evaluate research quality is not a
new phenomenon with the earliest examples of journal quality lists being found
as far back as the late 60s and early 70s. </span><span lang="EN">Journal level metrics often take the form of lists
of scholarly journals which have been ranked against some particular criteria. While
</span><span lang="EN-AU">there is no consensus on how a journal list should be compiled
many lists having been created using methodologies ranging from perceptual and
peer review based rankings through to objective citation based rankings. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">The use and misuse of journal rankings is well documented in the literature.
Within Australia, and internationally, the academic community is shifting away
from the use of journal metrics to evaluate research. </span><span style="line-height: 150%;">Australian academics were introduced to the </span><i style="line-height: 150%;">ranked journal list</i><span style="line-height: 150%;"> as part of the national research evaluation exercise,
Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA). The rankings were considered highly
influential in determining a university’s ERA outcome so many institutions
began to provide incentives to staff to publish in ‘A*’ and ‘A’ ranked
journals. The ranked journal list quickly became the most contentious issue of the
ERA and by 2011, then Minster for Education, Kim Carr, announced that it would
be discontinued because its </span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 150%;">‘existence
was focusing ill-informed undesirable behaviour in the management of
research’.</span><span lang="EN" style="line-height: 150%;"> </span><span lang="EN-AU" style="line-height: 150%;">In 2010, Australia’s
other major research funding agency the NHMRC, released a statement saying that
the Journal Impact Factor would no longer be accepted in applications for
funding or used in the peer review of individual applications. The statement went
on to say that the Journal Impact Factor is ‘not a sound basis upon which to
judge the impact of individual papers’.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
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<span lang="EN-AU">Internationally, the<i> San
Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment</i></span><span lang="EN-AU"> (DORA),
originating from the December meeting of the American Society for Cell Biology,
put forward a number of recommendations for funding agencies, universities and
researchers regarding the use of metrics for research evaluation. Amongst it
other recommendations DORA aims to halt the use of journal-based metrics for
the research evaluation of individual researchers. As of August 2015 the
declaration had over 12,500 individual and 588 institutional signatories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">While there are some compelling reasons to use journal quality lists
to evaluate the research performance of academics including </span><span lang="EN">convenience, objectivity and cost savings
there are also disadvantages.</span><span lang="EN"> </span><span lang="EN-AU">Some
of the disadvantages of using journal quality lists for research evaluation
include, reduced academic freedom, promotion of outlet targeting, driving research
in the direction of publisher preference and disadvantaging of specialist
journals and specialist fields of research.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<span lang="EN-AU">Whether we like them or not journal quality lists have been part of research
evaluation for the past 50 years and their legacy persists today. As the
requirement for convenient and cost-effective research evaluation mechanisms increases
it is possible that journal quality lists will continue to play a part in
research evaluation into the future. For examples of journal lists from around
the world visit <a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewforum.php?f=20">www.researchimpact.com.au/viewforum.php?f=20</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-83306518952098801812015-08-06T21:26:00.000+09:302015-08-06T21:26:22.851+09:30Research Evaluation – an argument for a ‘census’ driven collection of publications<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsu4Zh_HJed5QDVjJ9Ga6FFEJDqy610l3htbCOChyphenhyphenlnQwPeSIcASpEgVcbEC-vNr8ruCRFQeTQtigXn6IovoaqgL5FIH_teZ1nUDCsWgLnh2yEFSC7R1d91_Fq2WLFPGBXCzon-mrwujsx/s1600/letterbox.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsu4Zh_HJed5QDVjJ9Ga6FFEJDqy610l3htbCOChyphenhyphenlnQwPeSIcASpEgVcbEC-vNr8ruCRFQeTQtigXn6IovoaqgL5FIH_teZ1nUDCsWgLnh2yEFSC7R1d91_Fq2WLFPGBXCzon-mrwujsx/s200/letterbox.jpg" width="150" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this age of accountability no one questions the idea that
data relating to university research publications is collected and reported on.
Research publications are no longer only a mechanism for disseminating research
findings but they are now also a measure of research performance.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is hardly surprising then that discussions arising from a recent
review by PhillipsKPA are not around whether we should collect research
publication data but how we can collect it more efficiently. Australian universities
currently report research publications data through the Higher Education
Research Data Collection (HERDC) and Excellence in Research for Australia
(ERA). One of the 27 recommendations from the PhilipsKPA <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.phillipskpa.com.au/case-studies/higher-education/review-of-university-reporting-requirements" target="_blank">Review of University Reporting Requirements</a></i> is to streamline the
collection of research data into a single collection. Combining the two collections into a
single collection will only be worthwhile if it improves the efficiency, integrity,
transparency and utility of the data being collected. Any consultation document
will hopefully clarify for the sector how the combined collection will achieve
this.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While both mechanisms currently collect research publication
and research income data that is really where the similarities stop. The type
of data collected, the level of detail collected and importantly the purpose of
the collections are quite different.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The purpose of the HERDC is to collect research income and publications
data to inform the distribution of research block grants to universities based
on their relative performance in each measure. The HERDC only reports on
publication volume and does not consider the field of research or the quality
of the research – at best it provides a proxy for the volume of research
activity across Australian universities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
According to the ARC’s ERA documentation the objectives of
ERA are much broader than the HERDC and are listed as, to:<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->establish an evaluation framework that gives
government, industry, business and the wider community assurance of the
excellence of research conducted in Australian higher education institutions;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->provide a national stocktake of discipline level
areas of research strength and areas where there is opportunity for development
in Australian higher education institutions;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->identify excellence across the full spectrum of
research performance; <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->identify emerging research areas and
opportunities for further development; and<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->allow for comparisons of research in Australia, nationally
and internationally, for all discipline areas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If we focus on the collection of research publications data
in each collection there is one main difference. In the HERDC, publications
data is collected for all publications that acknowledge the university with
which the author is affiliated on the publication itself – for example through
an author ‘by-line’ – regardless of whether the author is currently employed at
the university or not - I will refer to this as an ‘address’ based collection. In
the ERA collection publications data is collected for all publications authored
by researchers employed by a university at a census date (usually 31 March of
the year preceding the ERA collection) – regardless of whether the university
is acknowledged within the publication or not - I refer to this as a ‘census’
based collection. The difference between an ‘address’ based collection and a ‘census’
based collection may not at first seem significant – but it is.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Consider the case of the HERDC – data are collected on publications
only where the university has been acknowledged on the publication – regardless
of whether the researcher or research group still works at the university. Once
the data have been collected and reported to the Department of Education the
numbers are used to distribute block grant funding (approximately <a href="http://michaelcrisp.blogspot.com.au/2014/02/how-much-is-my-publication-worth-to.html" target="_blank">$1700</a> per
publication point). This is effectively rewarding universities for the volume
of publications they can report that list the university in the byline. There
is no consideration made of the quality or the focus of the research in the
publications – just the volume. If researchers who produced the publications
have since left the university the university is still credited with their
research activity.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A big advantage of the address based collection is that it
is easy to determine which outputs are eligible for collection and which university
they belong to. An address based collection could be conducted by a third party
(for example through a citation data provider like Scopus or Web of Science).
The disadvantages are that the collection is retrospective in that the
researchers may have left the university but their output still contributes to
the block grant allocation. This is fine if you are rewarding past performance
but problematic if you are trying to profile current research strengths of
Australian universities or if you are trying to fund for future research
success.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
Now consider the ERA which also collects publications data. These
publications are the ones produced by the current cohort of staff at the
university and not just the ones with a university listed byline. When the
publications are reported they are assigned to fields of research and subsequently
given a quality score by a national evaluation panel. This allows the
Department (and the public) to see where research excellence exists in
Australian universities and where research strengths may be emerging. The main
disadvantage of a census based collection is that it requires more administrative
work to collect the data as publications are not readily identifiable by a
university byline within the publication. A census based collection cannot
easily be performed by a third party. Advantages of the census based collection
are that it represents the current research profile of the university and encourages
universities to strategically recruit researchers to contribute to the research
profile of the university.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the case of a new “combined collection” for research publications
data it is not immediately clear whether it would be done based on the ‘address’
or the ‘census’ date. Each has its pros and cons and each is useful for a different
purpose. However, I would argue that the ‘census’ based approach is more appropriate
in this case because of the following reasons:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It allows universities to demonstrate a current
research profile based on researchers who are actually working at the
university rather than a retrospective profile where researchers may well have
left the university since the evaluation<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It allows universities to respond strategically to
changes in the research landscape and funding environment for example by
recruiting researchers to complement or strengthen their existing research
profile<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It trusts universities with the responsibility of
presenting their research in a meaningful way based on their own knowledge of
their researchers and their research rather than leaving it up to a third party
or a generic business process relying on accurately recorded address data<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
</span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt 0.5in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->It aligns with the national uptake of a
universal researcher ID in Australia such as the ORCID<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I would conversely argue that using an ‘address’ based collection for a research evaluation may result in what I call ‘phantom’ units of evaluations. A publication can have multiple authors and therefore multiple universities listed in the byline – each author may also have multiple bylines. This results in each author of each publication potentially contributing to multiple university research evaluations. A ‘phantom’ evaluation would be where a university may appear to have a minimum volume of publication output (for ERA this is 50 publications to trigger an evaluation) based only on the fact that the university’s name appears at least once on 50 publications. However, while the byline appears on the publication the author may not actually work at the university – for example, if the author has since left the university or where the author has multiple bylines which include other university affiliations in addition to the one they work at. The ‘address’ based collection would also potentially disadvantage universities who have strategically invested in recruiting new researchers to their university. In this case while the new university is paying the salary of the researchers, those researchers’ publications would be contributing to another university’s research evaluation based on their previous bylines.</span>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-82952996583900966032015-04-03T18:36:00.000+10:302015-04-03T18:36:05.567+10:30Collaborate, innovate, or be left behind<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghMLZwYswD1GGPmOztUC2ne126yVj4PxXdLDs4J6CkFgMAVDZy0Av4v-BtfHOMC4NhZvCL1vlYiYxCCdAIV9V5xHsTPlJFwwiOJNDmvEfta2hTcblH8eZq3_Dmhz6P9hAOthzRmeBfK_Ab/s1600/dont-get-left-behind.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghMLZwYswD1GGPmOztUC2ne126yVj4PxXdLDs4J6CkFgMAVDZy0Av4v-BtfHOMC4NhZvCL1vlYiYxCCdAIV9V5xHsTPlJFwwiOJNDmvEfta2hTcblH8eZq3_Dmhz6P9hAOthzRmeBfK_Ab/s1600/dont-get-left-behind.jpg" height="122" width="320" /></a></div>
The Australian Technology Network (ATN) have released a new report titled: <a href="https://www.atn.edu.au/PageFiles/4239/Innovate%20and%20Prosper%2027th%20March%202015.pdf" target="_blank">Innovate and Prosper – Ensuring Australia’s Future Competitiveness through University-Industry Collaboration</a>’.<br />
<br />
It is an interesting read, with recommendations on how to better incentivize collaboration between industry and universities. Recommendations include, amongst a range of others, better transfer of university researchers and graduates into industry and increasing funding for universities based on industry engagement. Developing an engagement measure is also touched on and it is good to note that the ATN have input from industry in this process through their Industry Advisory Board. If the university sector is going to develop a robust metric for engagement or research impact then it should be done with industry input. More information can be found here:<br />
<br />
<a href="https://www.atn.edu.au/News-room/Latest-News/Collaborate-innvoate-or-be-left-behind/">https://www.atn.edu.au/News-room/Latest-News/Collaborate-innvoate-or-be-left-behind/</a>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-17203404423198600362015-02-13T13:08:00.000+10:302015-02-13T16:36:22.572+10:30ERA 2015 Research Evaluation Committee (REC) Members<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Australian Research Council (ARC) today announced the
full membership of the Research Evaluation Committee (REC) for the Excellence
in Research for Australia (ERA) 2015 initiative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
There are 149 members in total spread across 8 discipline clusters. The majority of membership is drawn from Australian
universities (142) with a small number from international institutions (7). The discipline
cluster with the highest number of members was Humanities and Creative Arts
(23) followed by Medical and Health Sciences (22), see Table 1.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong>Table 1. REC membership by discipline cluster</strong><br />
<br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 306px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Cluster<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">REC members<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Humanities and Creative Arts (HCA)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">23<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Medical and Health Sciences (MHS) <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">22<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Education and Human Society (EHS)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">20<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences (PCE)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">18<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Biological and Biotechnological Sciences (BB)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Engineering and Environmental Sciences (EE)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Economics and Commerce (EC)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mathematical, Information and Computing Sciences (MIC)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">16<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 148.25pt;" valign="bottom" width="198"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 81pt;" valign="bottom" width="108"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">149<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The gender balance is uneven with only 28 percent of the
membership being female and 72 percent male. Of the 8 chairs of the panels there are 2 females and 6 males.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong>Table 2. REC membership by gender</strong><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 344px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Gender<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">REC members<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">%<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Female<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">42<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">28%<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Male<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">107<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">72%<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">149<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 86pt;" valign="bottom" width="115"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">100%<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Table 3 shows the breakdown of membership by gender and by discipline with the best ratio of male to female members being in Education and Human Society (EHS) and Humanities and Creative Arts (HCA) and the worst ratio being in Mathematical, Information and Computing Science (MIC) and Physical, Chemical and Earth Sciences (PCE).</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
<strong>Table 3. REC membership by gender and discipline</strong></span><br />
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</span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto auto auto -0.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-table-layout-alt: fixed; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 324px;"><tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Discipline<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Female<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Male<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">EHS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">9<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">HCA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">23<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">MHS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">6<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">22<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">EC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">BB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">EE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">PCE<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">MIC<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">3<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">42<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">107<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td><td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 60.75pt;" valign="bottom" width="81"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">149<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">
</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The eastern states made up around 72 percent of the total
membership with the highest number coming from NSW (54), Victoria (35) and
Queensland (17).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
<strong>Table 3. REC membership by State</strong><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin: auto auto auto -0.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 180px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">State<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">REC members<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">NSW<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">53<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Vic<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">35<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Qld<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">17<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">WA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">15<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">SA<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">12<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">ACT<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">8<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Intl<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Multi<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tas<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 59pt;" valign="bottom" width="79">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">149<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Group of Eight universities had a major representation in
the membership with 70 members (48%). University of Newcastle (9) and Macquarie
University (7) were well represented in the membership for universities outside
of the Go8.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<strong>Table 4. REC membership by university</strong><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 375px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background: rgb(221, 235, 247); border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: solid solid solid none; border-width: 1pt 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">REC members<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Sydney<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Western Australia<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Melbourne<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">11<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of New South Wales<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">10<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Monash University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">9<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Newcastle<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">9<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Macquarie University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Queensland<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">7<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Adelaide<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">6<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Wollongong<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Swinburne University of Technology<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Australian National University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">5<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Technology, Sydney<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 14;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Flinders University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 15;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Western Sydney<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 16;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">RMIT University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 17;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Griffith University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">4<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 18;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Canberra<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 19;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Curtin University of Technology<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">3<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 20;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">James Cook University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 21;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of New England<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 22;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Deakin University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 23;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of South Australia<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 24;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Royal Holloway, University of London<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 25;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Queensland University of Technology<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 26;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">La Trobe University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">2<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 27;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Germany<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 28;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Edith Cowan University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 29;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Bond University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 30;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Victoria University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 31;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Edinburgh<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 32;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of Waikato<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 33;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">University of Tasmania<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 34;">
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext; border-style: none solid solid; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 205pt;" valign="bottom" width="273">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Australian Catholic University <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="background-color: transparent; border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0) windowtext windowtext rgb(0, 0, 0); border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: 0px 1pt 1pt 0px; height: 15pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76pt;" valign="bottom" width="101">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 35;">
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Federation University Australia <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Tilburg, The Netherlands<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Imperial College London<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Southern Cross University<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">The University of the Sunshine Coast<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">1<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Total<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">149<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<o:p><span style="font-family: Calibri;"> The full list of members can be found at the ARC's website:</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<o:p><a href="http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/ERA2015_REC.htm">http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/ERA2015_REC.htm</a></o:p></div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-64283763214841933612014-11-04T22:15:00.000+10:302014-11-04T22:15:02.297+10:30How does ERA evaluation differ between peer review and citation metrics disciplines<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG5LDIZvd5RlxDXfV2JGzzaZkm-ziBqebKjENVkXiIvkhZblkvXiu9uGDlu8p84LzTXD0fV8IQykx1a_7wHWFq_ueasa1eR0QPHsLboFm98_s-SiDYyANfHH0k1HM-8jeiby-b5sdKeiaj/s1600/comic7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjG5LDIZvd5RlxDXfV2JGzzaZkm-ziBqebKjENVkXiIvkhZblkvXiu9uGDlu8p84LzTXD0fV8IQykx1a_7wHWFq_ueasa1eR0QPHsLboFm98_s-SiDYyANfHH0k1HM-8jeiby-b5sdKeiaj/s1600/comic7.jpg" height="224" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Evaluation of the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) is done by either peer review (for the humanities and social sciences) or citation metrics (for the medical, engineering and physical sciences). On average the scores across the sector are lower for the 'peer review' disciplines than they are for the 'citation metrics' disciplines. This may mean that in Australia the research quality for the humanities and social sciences is not as good as the research quality for medical sciences, engineering and physical sciences - or it may be that the process for evaluation is not equivalent between the two. Unfortunately no discipline has been evaluated using both methods in an ERA round so it is not clear whether a discipline would fair the same using both methods.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think two simple experiments could be conducted in the ERA which could have very interesting results. Experiment 1 to determine whether the same submission evaluated by two different methods (citation metrics and by peer review) would score differently in an evaluation of research quality. Experiment 2 to determine whether an evaluation of research quality by peer review is altered by knowing the authors and the journals that the articles are published in.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Experiment 1.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Run a comparison of evaluations of the same submission in a field of research (FOR) using (a) citation metrics and (b) peer review.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a. The first group of evaluators would make a judgment based only on the metrics (e.g. citation impact, research income per faculty, and the standing of journals that articles were published in).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">b. The second group of evaluators would look at the same submission but with no metrics and make a judgment purely by reading the journals articles of the submitted authors.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">both groups would come up with an ERA ‘score’ – it would be interesting to see the if there was any difference.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Experiment 2.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Take group (b) above – the peer review group – and split them in to a further two groups:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">c. This group would peer review the submission by reading the articles with complete knowledge of the authors of the articles and which journals the articles were published in.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">d. The second group would have no information on the authors of the articles or the journals in which they were published. These evaluators would have to read the articles and make an evaluation of the quality of the research based on the articles alone.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: Arial;">It would be interesting to see how much the knowledge of the authors names or the knowledge of the journals that the articles were published in swayed the evaluators assessment of research quality.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />
<br /></span>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-13943750575679801962014-08-27T19:43:00.000+09:302014-08-27T19:43:28.701+09:30Developing an ‘Impact and Engagement for Australia’ (IEA) metric<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFhTvHbqI5xATv2GqzZxokxNFuER2AWjLcKLWay_quhOuFiUVk1zmGzAVi4cTYBXuczRLIDDtwAyMLFx9EtcU5ciWtJ5ysYnBJgCVEb3cUsTN2A7BxBmz-gghTJxuwEK1LtRmJ9iyiYZyJ/s1600/assessment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFhTvHbqI5xATv2GqzZxokxNFuER2AWjLcKLWay_quhOuFiUVk1zmGzAVi4cTYBXuczRLIDDtwAyMLFx9EtcU5ciWtJ5ysYnBJgCVEb3cUsTN2A7BxBmz-gghTJxuwEK1LtRmJ9iyiYZyJ/s1600/assessment.jpg" height="200" width="156" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ATSE has floated their idea for a research engagement and impact evaluation based purely on metrics. The metrics suggested are category 3 income and commercialization income. ATSE suggest that this evaluation be run along with the ERA to produce a combined quality and impact rating (quality 5-1 and impact A-D).</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is important for Australia to consider an impact evaluation - and examples such as the Excellence in Innovation for Australia (EIA) have shown that it is possible to evaluate research impact in Australia. The UK have also evaluated impact as part of their national research evaluation exercise. Some argue that the EIA and the REF methodology of case studies and peer review are onerous and expensive. However, this is by no means a reason not to do them - these sorts of evaluations will never be easy because the evaluation of research is not easy. Proper evaluation of research requires time and the people with the right level of expertise to carry out the evaluation.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here are some of the issues I think the ATSE ERA-linked evaluation might have:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It assumes that your research input, output and impact all occur in the same FoR code.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It assumes that impact has occurred concurrently with the research – most impact is not realised that quickly.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It won’t take into account the difference between pure research and applied research in the same FoR.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It is focused only on economic impact – which for the commercialisation income might actually be more a measure of the success of the company selling the widget than the quality of the university.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It also does not take into consideration the amount of gaming that occurs in the ERA.</span></li>
</ul>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ATSE release can be read here: </span><a class="postlink" href="http://www.atse.org.au/atse/content/activity/innovation-content/developing-impact-engagement-australia-metric.aspx"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">http://www.atse.org.au/atse/content/activity/innovation-content/developing-impact-engagement-australia-metric.aspx</span></a>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-11306238927754381482014-08-16T20:15:00.000+09:302014-08-16T20:15:09.218+09:30Kardashian IndexDo you know what your Kardashian Index is?<br />
<br />
Your Kardashian Index is a measure of the discrepancy between your social media
profile and your publication record based on the direct comparison of numbers of
citations and Twitter followers.<br />
<br />
Anything great than '5'and you are considered a science Kardashian! My index is only 0.1 so I am far from a Kardashian - I think I am going to have to try and get more Twitter followers...<br />
<br />
Read Neil Hall's paper: <em>The Kardashian index: a measure of discrepant social media profile for
scientists</em> <a href="http://genomebiology.com/2014/15/7/424">http://genomebiology.com/2014/15/7/424</a>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-60848273808225906642014-08-16T14:53:00.000+09:302014-08-16T14:53:18.130+09:30Research ethics and the ebola epidemicThe recent outbreak of the Ebola virus has presented scientists with an opportunity to test potential vaccines on patients. While the epidemic is terrifying this does not mean that research ethics should be ignored.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=36">http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewtopic.php?f=19&t=36</a><br />
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-19670608691756088162014-08-10T11:24:00.001+09:302014-08-11T17:47:54.860+09:30Four reasons to stop caring so much about the h-index.<a href="http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2014/03/31/four-reasons-to-stop-caring-so-much-about-the-h-index/">Four reasons to stop caring so much about the h-index.</a><br />
<br />
Interesting blog piece from Stacy Konkiel on the h-index and altmetrics called 'Four reasons to stop caring so much about the h-index'. I like that Stacy doesn't ask us to stop caring all together about the h-index but to just stop caring 'so much' about it.<br />
<br />
It seems confusing to me to be comparing h-index directly with Altmetrics. To me they appear to be two different things. H-index attempts to measure the productivity of a person whereas Altmetric attempts to measure the influence of an article. Why not compare the Altmetric to Relative Citation Impact (RCI) for example? The RCI is normalized for the discipline and year the article was published and gives a measure of whether the article has been cited above or below the expected average rate for the discipline. It is not immediately clear how to determine whether an Altmetrics score is relatively high or low for the discipline so it would be useful if it incorporated some sort of benchmark.<br />
<br />
<br />Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-70963074427374240532014-07-28T15:41:00.000+09:302014-07-28T15:41:27.212+09:30More Journal Ranking<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLXMg4k-CDQkT2UxCvr4yiF6Eo70x1ODkv_HVDgDsgSIcEfScIFlu4-36gyIaS2_MI7i1-pFVdEmL2kTJLuf7OUpwvZMk0mm7yFTuUr2IXsIewLQ4cxuD-99TZch2wGVtGgla43f28fQ1/s1600/ladder+(1).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlLXMg4k-CDQkT2UxCvr4yiF6Eo70x1ODkv_HVDgDsgSIcEfScIFlu4-36gyIaS2_MI7i1-pFVdEmL2kTJLuf7OUpwvZMk0mm7yFTuUr2IXsIewLQ4cxuD-99TZch2wGVtGgla43f28fQ1/s1600/ladder+(1).jpg" height="200" width="200" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Here are some more journal rankings to add to your list:</span><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Impact per Publication (IPP)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">SCImago Journal Rank (SRJ)</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP)</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">Check them out at <a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewforum.php?f=20">http://www.researchimpact.com.au/</a></span></div>
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<br />Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-62379454028422405372014-07-23T21:25:00.000+09:302014-07-23T21:32:15.607+09:30Journal Ranking<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKZyAS_rOYwUcmgTon0JZK9j1J1zPhWqVGdT5dxHOi6MxV3E_Kya9UBtbafdLq6w19wjIdicY3aY_4r5W1hniR2p4LiifvxndmVqRuXFQSu8Fn4LRcF2WiZFwD_a8yGAnRmEJPlj792e4m/s1600/725254-journal-rankings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKZyAS_rOYwUcmgTon0JZK9j1J1zPhWqVGdT5dxHOi6MxV3E_Kya9UBtbafdLq6w19wjIdicY3aY_4r5W1hniR2p4LiifvxndmVqRuXFQSu8Fn4LRcF2WiZFwD_a8yGAnRmEJPlj792e4m/s1600/725254-journal-rankings.jpg" height="150" width="200" /></a></div>
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If you would like to view some of the popular and publicly available journal 'ranking' lists head on over to the <a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewforum.php?f=20">researchimpact.com.au</a> forum to check out:<br />
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<li>Eigenfactor.org</li>
<li>ERA Journal Ranking</li>
<li>Harzing - journal quality list</li>
<li>ABDC - journal quality list</li>
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Make a comment on these lists or perhaps add some of the ones that you know of or use.</div>
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Why was it better to be a researcher in <i>Design Practice and Management</i> than <i>Forestry </i>for ERA 2010?</div>
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<a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/viewforum.php?f=20">www.researchimpact.com.au</a></div>
Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-63645461251698974862014-07-12T17:04:00.001+09:302014-07-12T17:11:48.875+09:30DECRA not considered a highly regarded form of accolade by the ARC's ERA 2015<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsV226es82xjUXcDhjg6yPpR_W8o6QIdDLhPcEqD61chsCMsdgleNTChBI1vzQbvzMJHZ_uLDoCsnJgXHmqdEC6uidjA1wNIhY_0EU8mHRNUP8WU0Qmz8Y2SXl4yfi72mbfgxMzKJdhH_/s1600/936full-the-lord-of-the-rings+-the-fellowship-of-the-ring-screenshot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEinsV226es82xjUXcDhjg6yPpR_W8o6QIdDLhPcEqD61chsCMsdgleNTChBI1vzQbvzMJHZ_uLDoCsnJgXHmqdEC6uidjA1wNIhY_0EU8mHRNUP8WU0Qmz8Y2SXl4yfi72mbfgxMzKJdhH_/s1600/936full-the-lord-of-the-rings+-the-fellowship-of-the-ring-screenshot.jpg" height="133" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The third round of the ARC's Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA 2015) is underway; and, unfortunately, if you have a </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Discovery Early Career Researcher Award</i><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> (DECRA) it is </span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">not </b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">being considered an 'esteem' measure. However, you </span><b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">will </b><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">be considered 'esteemed' if you hold a </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Early Career Fellowship.</i><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ERA includes a number of measures of 'esteem' and they are defined as measures that:</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">constitute recognition of the quality ... and indicate that a researcher is held in particularly high regard by peers in their field of research and/or by other well qualified parties. ...embody a measure of prestige and are recognised by experts within the discipline as a highly desired, highly regarded form of accolade or acknowledgement.</span></blockquote>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The ERA requests institutions submit data on only five esteem measures (listed below) of which one is 'nationally competitive research fellowships'. Unfortunately it looks like the DECRAs did not make it onto the list this time so are not considered a measure of esteem by the ERA.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The esteem measures eligible for ERA 2015 are the following:</span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">editor of a prestigious work of reference;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">fellowship of a learned academy and membership of the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies (AIATSIS);</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">recipient of a nationally competitive research fellowship; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">membership of a statutory committee; and </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">recipient of an Australia Council grant or Australia Council fellowship.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And, only </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">nationally competitive research fellowships</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> in the following programs are eligible (where are the DECRAs?):</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Discovery—Australian Laureate Fellowships; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Discovery—Federation Fellowships; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Discovery—Future Fellowships; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Discovery—Indigenous Researchers’ Development; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Discovery—Projects (including Australian Professorial Fellowships, Queen Elizabeth II </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fellowships, and Australian Postdoctoral Fellowships); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Linkage—International; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ARC Linkage—Projects (including Australian Postdoctoral (Industry) Fellowships); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Practitioner Fellowships (Formerly Practitioner Fellowships Scheme); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Research Fellowships; </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Australia Fellowship (Formerly Australia Fellowship Scheme);</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Career Development Fellowships (Formerly Career Development Awards); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Early Career Fellowships (Formerly Postdoctoral Training Fellowships); </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Sir MacFarlane Burnett Fellowship;</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC John Cade Fellowship in Mental Health Research; and </span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NHMRC Translating Research Into Practice (TRIP) Fellowships.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To check out the ERA 2015 and related documents yourself you can visit: <a href="http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/2015_keydocs.htm">http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/2015_keydocs.htm</a></span></div>
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Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-29480898681491077832014-07-05T20:59:00.000+09:302014-07-05T20:59:10.705+09:30Nobel winner declares boycott of top science journals<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJd_sEncNykBQgewcYbALZqpdNREuzpAS-zoQPyNk96JLpuBOha_EmbOCAGNPdeuKxQTn8UqT0-hJKWTz8LxO4qqKiW-FnGMJUPfkjJrS8urxk_ae1p-kZSKUOSFWqC5jtvubHSNGorsk/s1600/against-the-crowd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUJd_sEncNykBQgewcYbALZqpdNREuzpAS-zoQPyNk96JLpuBOha_EmbOCAGNPdeuKxQTn8UqT0-hJKWTz8LxO4qqKiW-FnGMJUPfkjJrS8urxk_ae1p-kZSKUOSFWqC5jtvubHSNGorsk/s1600/against-the-crowd.jpg" height="170" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.9950008392334px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Nobel prize winner Randy Schekman says his lab will no longer send papers to Nature, Cell and Science as they distort scientific process.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white; line-height: 19.9950008392334px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/dec/09/nobel-winner-boycott-science-journals">http://www.theguardian.com/science/2013/dec/09/nobel-winner-boycott-science-journals</a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After careful consideration, I too will join Schekman's revolution and will be boycotting Nature, Science and Cell by not publish anything with them --- after I win a Nobel prize.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is enormous pressure on academics to produce 'excellent' research and as Schekman points out 'the incentives offered by top journals distort science'. We have also seen increased instances of plagiarism and publication of falsified results from all over the world. Schekman is advocating a move away from the 'luxury' journals, like Nature and Science, towards online and open access journals.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This would pose an interesting question about how to advise early career researchers (ECR) on where and how to publish. There is still a strong incentive through grant reviews, performance reviews, promotions, and university rankings to publish in high impact factor journals like Nature, Science and Cell. If an ECR chooses to boycott these types of journal will they jeopardize their career?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sheckman has obviously done very well in his career - and he has the traditional performance metrics to back that up. According to Scopus, Schekman has over 280 papers with over 18,000 cites </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(the stats in the Web of Science are even more impressive with over 25,000 cites!)</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> – over 40 of these are published in Nature, Science or Cell and these ones account for about 40% of the citations. Schekman’s Nature, Science and Cell papers are cited on average about 4 times per paper higher than for the rest of his output - impressive stats that would help win grants and get promoted.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think Schekman's idea is great and I think open access journals are a good idea and it is really great that a Nobel prize winner is joining the revolution. Schekman is boycotting these journals as a researcher who has reached the top of his field. What advice would he have for early career researchers on where to publish when they are at the start of their career?</span></div>
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Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-35000672364268719542014-07-05T18:20:00.001+09:302014-07-05T18:22:48.942+09:30Excellence in Research for Australia - ERA 2015<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiICf1HGa7p06E65ViBrHGEAMh59E5cFazxmms0BhyphenhyphenwvQyPCRWLLomvlOmWzSqblev41NkmiYpyQpo823GM48KoQEXUuMvxxnDmGej8m9C16o7bnxARNZkr77bzaEaKTk7nAa49Lxuqu-QW/s1600/king_executioner_evaluation_form_248675.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiICf1HGa7p06E65ViBrHGEAMh59E5cFazxmms0BhyphenhyphenwvQyPCRWLLomvlOmWzSqblev41NkmiYpyQpo823GM48KoQEXUuMvxxnDmGej8m9C16o7bnxARNZkr77bzaEaKTk7nAa49Lxuqu-QW/s1600/king_executioner_evaluation_form_248675.jpg" height="142" width="200" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Australian Research Council (ARC) this week released the submission documents for the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) 2015. The 2015 guidelines are very similar to the 2012 guidelines with only a few significant changes. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The first change is that there is now a requirement to submit more data not directly related to the evaluation. For example institutions are now required to submit data on staff gender; which publications are available in open access; and, information on the time and cost associated with submitting the ERA data for the institution. The problem with requesting these sorts of data is that each new requirement costs an institution time and money to collect and report. This means an increased cost to the whole sector for information that is not actually going to be used for the evaluation process - it is just for information.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A second change is that institutions are now able to write to the ARC regarding staff on less than 0.4 FTE contracts and argue a case for their inclusion (and the inclusion of their publications). This is a good move as it reduces the negative impact on fractional staff - a cohort that includes more female academics than male - thus shifting towards a more equitable process (although still not ideal). I wrote about why I thought there was a gender equity issue here:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="http://michaelcrisp.blogspot.com.au/2014/02/does-era-2015-present-gender-equity.html">http://michaelcrisp.blogspot.com.au/2014/02/does-era-2015-present-gender-equity.html</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Institutions will be required to submit their ERA 2015 data in early 2015.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><a href="http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm" target="_blank">http://arc.gov.au/era/era_2015/era_2015.htm</a></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-48902074990764667812014-03-11T19:42:00.000+10:302014-03-11T19:42:41.132+10:30Forum to discuss evaluation of research at Australian universities www.researchimpact.com.au<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwB6cu2grGxEL6a-xbd6jriGFYd0FWsEo4fJ7-xsAutdQOh4cjayjm1fjD62JXyH99vHbpv_A8ERDzZ7xJW7vFiiXeMbstYYLFor7zic8hiin_8lcVuCbWwU15m3fAm0vQMmk1v_N0gq98/s1600/researchimpact-01.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwB6cu2grGxEL6a-xbd6jriGFYd0FWsEo4fJ7-xsAutdQOh4cjayjm1fjD62JXyH99vHbpv_A8ERDzZ7xJW7vFiiXeMbstYYLFor7zic8hiin_8lcVuCbWwU15m3fAm0vQMmk1v_N0gq98/s1600/researchimpact-01.png" height="220" width="320" /></a></div>
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I have just launched a new forum called <a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/" target="_blank">Research Impact</a> for those who would like to discuss the evaluation of university research activity, quality and impact.<br />
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Feel free to drop in on the forum if you are interested in discussing topics like the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA); the evaluation of research impact or the 'impact dividend' or maybe you are interested in discussing the growing number of article retractions in the sciences.<br />
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<a href="http://www.researchimpact.com.au/">www.researchimpact.com.au</a>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6438288262632709185.post-28558012404926109032014-02-13T20:29:00.000+10:302014-02-13T20:29:06.049+10:30Does ERA 2015 present a gender equity issue for the higher education sector?<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPC7wF_NIYSrOCQr2eh_zkLR7seADzQyEVkQ5kBq6wK1Tk8hLzQVupZBbSP8hdcrler8vsS2KP0UFU1262yUV0sVN-uynEAK26DcjJxJXgtdjwHDeoSlKakNjaccKa3Zo8MGygt2xqXhwd/s1600/inequality.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPC7wF_NIYSrOCQr2eh_zkLR7seADzQyEVkQ5kBq6wK1Tk8hLzQVupZBbSP8hdcrler8vsS2KP0UFU1262yUV0sVN-uynEAK26DcjJxJXgtdjwHDeoSlKakNjaccKa3Zo8MGygt2xqXhwd/s1600/inequality.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Academic staff employed on fractional-time contracts may be disadvantaged in the ERA by the requirement for employees on less than 0.4 FTE to have published with their new university's byline within the already passed ERA reference period.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A recent article in The Australian highlights the 'churning' of academic staff that is occurring in the sector to coincide with the ERA census date (31 March). Researchers who move (poached) to a new institution by the census date have their entire publication track record counted towards their new employer's ERA submission. This is despite the fact that the work was likely supported by their previous employer. The fact that researchers take their performance with them for the ERA results in a lot of 'horse trading' (or churning) between institutions around the census date as they try to maximize their ERA outcomes. This means that high performing researchers, or often now groups of researchers, become a valuable commodity and can no doubt leverage this newly discovered value to their advantage through negotiations with potential employers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">However, as is often the case with these sorts of initiatives, the ERA guidelines are not quite as simple as this. There is actually a guideline that requires the FTE of the newly employed researcher to be greater than 0.4 FTE. If the contract is greater than 0.4 FTE (e.g. 1.0 FTE) then the researcher and all of their publication activity is automatically eligible for the ERA submission. BUT, if the contract is for less than 0.4 FTE there is an extra requirement that the researcher must show a "publication association" with their new institution, for example with a by-line that states the new institution as their affiliation. Now as the ERA is a retrospective evaluation it is highly unlikely that a new researcher employed close to the census date would have had time publish something listing the new university as their affiliation. With a less than 0.4 FTE contract and no affiliation byline with their new employer suddenly none of their performance counts for the ERA. In ERA terms this then makes full time researchers much more valuable than fractional researchers - and, therefore universities will likely employ full time researchers close to the ERA census date rather than look for fractional appointments.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So why is this inequitable? The process makes full-time staff more attractive to a university around the census date and fractional staff less attractive. So while full time researchers can personally and professionally benefit from the head-hunting, horse-trading and churning that goes on - the fractional researchers may not. The national higher education staff data collection shows that female academics make up a higher proportion of the fractional appointments in the sector than males (for research-only academics the ratio is almost 2:1). It is likely then that not only will fractional researchers suffer because of this but that female academics will be impacted in greater numbers than males.</span>Michael Crisphttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13467294408706205477noreply@blogger.com0